PD-L1:I-Oバイオマーカーとしての探索
I-OバイオマーカーとしてのPD-L1の役割を学ぶ
炎症性腫瘍は、腫瘍微小環境への免疫細胞の浸潤と活性化の痕跡を示しています1,2。
炎症性腫瘍の微小環境を反映する複数のがん免疫(I-O)バイオマーカーが存在します。
PD-L1(Programmed death ligand 1)は、PD-1(Programmed death receptor-1)と呼ばれる抑制性の免疫チェックポイント受容体に対するリガンドであり、がん細胞や免疫細胞を含む様々な細胞で発現します。がん細胞および免疫細胞におけるPD-L1の発現は様々な要因に左右され、経時的に変化するとともに、腫瘍の種類、組織型、部位および治療の種類によって異なります。
PD-L1はI-Oバイオマーカーとして検討されており、PD-L1単独だけでなく、他のI-Oバイオマーカーと組み合わせた上での有用性も検討されています。
I-OバイオマーカーとしてのPD-L1の役割を学ぶ
PD-L2(Programmed death ligand 2)は、抑制性の免疫チェックポイント受容体であるPD-1に対するもう1つのリガンドです。
PD-L2はがん細胞を含む様々な細胞に発現しますが、PD-1に対する親和性はPD-L1より高いものの、発現量は低い傾向があります。
PD-L2は、潜在的な効果予測I-Oバイオマーカーとして研究が進められています。
腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL)は、腫瘍微小環境に誘導されて炎症に関連する可能性がある細胞種を指し、細胞傷害性T細胞やナチュラルキラー細胞などが含まれます。
I-OバイオマーカーとしてのTIL研究に関して
炎症性遺伝子シグネチャーとは、特定のタイプの遺伝子発現プロファイル(GEP)であり、腫瘍微小環境の炎症シグネチャーを評価するために使用されます。これらはがんの種類によって異なり、強力な診断ツールとなる可能性があります。
炎症性遺伝子シグネチャーは、潜在的な効果予測I-Oバイオマーカーとして研究されています。
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